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DeGowin's Diagnostic Examination, 9e
The Lymphatic System
Sections: Examination of the Lymph Nodes, Palpation of the Cervical Lymph Nodes, Palpation of Axillary, Infraclavicular and Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes, Palpation of the Inguinal Nodes, Lymph Node Signs, Key Sign Lymphadenopathy, Lymph Node Syndromes, Key Sign Generalized Lymphadenopathy, CLINICAL OCCURRENCE, Key Disease Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Key Disease Hodgkin Disease, Key Disease Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Key Disease HIV Infection, Key Syndrome Lymphedema, Filariasis (Wuchereriasis), Important Regional Lymph Node Syndromes, Key Sign Inoculation Lesion with Regional Lymphadenopathy, INOCULATION LESION WITH REGIONAL LYMPHADENOPATHY—CLINICAL OCCURRENCE, Nodular lymphangitis, Key Syndrome Suppurative Lymphadenopathy, Syndromes of Specific Regional Lymph Nodes, The Head and Jaw, Suboccipital nodes, Postauricular nodes, Preauricular nodes, Mandibular nodes, Submental nodes, The Neck, Key Sign Acute Cervical Lymphadenopathy—Localized Lymphadenitis, Key Disease Chronic Localized Cervical Lymphadenopathy: Tuberculosis (Scrofula), Key Disease Chronic Localized Cervical Lymphadenopathy: Kikuchi Lymphadenitis, Key Disease Chronic Localized Cervical Lymphadenopathy: Actinomycosis, Key Sign Subacute Localized Cervical Lymphadenopathy: Metastatic Carcinoma, Jugular nodes, Poststernocleidomastoid nodes, Scalene nodes, The Chest, Axilla, and Arms, Supraclavicular nodes, Key Sign Sentinel Node (Virchow Node), Axillary nodes, Epitrochlear nodes, Mediastinal nodes, The Abdominal and Inguinal Nodes, Abdominal nodes, Key Sign Genital Lesion with Satellite Nodes, Inguinal nodes, Disorders of B Cells, Key Disease Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia, Key Disease Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Key Disease Multiple Myeloma, Key Syndrome Amyloidosis.
Topics Discussed: abdominal lymph node group; actinomycosis; amyloidosis; axillary lymph node group; cervical lymph node group; cervical lymphadenopathy; chronic lymphocytic leukemia; epitrochlear lymph node; filariasis; generalized lymphadenopathy; genitourinary cancer; hodgkin's disease; infraclavicular lymph node group; jugular lymph node group; kikuchi's disease; lymph node tuberculosis; lymph nodes; lymph nodes, inguinal; lymphadenopathy; lymphadenopathy, suppurative; lymphatic diseases; lymphatic metastasis; lymphatic system; lymphedema; lymphoma, non-hodgkin; mediastinal lymph node group; metastases to neck; multiple myeloma; neoplasm metastasis; occipital lymph node group; postauricular lymph node group; preauricular lymph node group; scalene lymph node; scrofula; sexually transmitted diseases; skin diseases, infectious; skin lesion; submandibular lymph node; submental lymph node; supraclavicular lymph node; systemic disease; virchow's node; waldenstrom macroglobulinemia; wuchereria bancrofti infection; zoonoses.
Excerpt:"The lymph vessels and their nodes are part of a discontinuous circulation whose efferent loop is the arteries, arterioles, and capillaries of the vascular system, and whose afferent loop is the network of lymphatic vessels that drain centrally through the regional lymph nodes to the thoracic duct, which empties into the left subclavian vein. The lymphatic system plays a major role in the recognition and response to foreign antigens. Macrophages and Langerhans cells from the periphery (antigen-presenting cells) migrate from peripheral sites with processed antigen, which they present to T cells and B cells in the lymph nodes. T cells circulate from the capillary circulation to the lymphatics and nodes and back into the circulation until they are presented with an antigen specific to their T-cell receptor; recognition leads to activation and proliferation, generating an immune response. Disorders of the lymphatics produce only three physical signs: palpable lymph nodes, red streaks in the skin from superficial lymphangitis, and lymphedema. Palpable lymph nodes indicate lymphadenopathy.Enlarged nodes may be visible by inspection, especially with oblique light. Examination is primarily by palpation. The following characteristics of palpable lymph nodes should be noted:..."
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