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Williams Obstetrics, 23e | Section IV. Labor and Delivery > | Chapter 18. Intrapartum Assessment Sections: Intrapartum Assessment: Introduction, Electronic Fetal Monitoring, Other Intrapartum Assessment Techniques, Fetal Distress, Intrapartum Surveillance of Uterine Activity, References. Topics Discussed: fetal monitoring, electronic. Excerpt:"Following earlier work by Hon (1958), continuous electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) was introduced into obstetrical practice in the late 1960s. No longer were intrapartum fetal surveillance and the suspicion of fetal distress based upon periodic auscultation with a fetoscope. Instead, the continuous graph-paper portrayal of the fetal heart rate was potentially diagnostic in assessing pathophysiological events affecting the fetus. Indeed, there were great expectations that:..."
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