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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 8. Infectious Diseases > Section 7. Miscellaneous Bacterial Infections > |
Chapter 163. Actinomycosis
Sections: Actinomycosis: Introduction, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: actinomycosis.
Excerpt:"Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic bacteria, primarily of the genus Actinomyces, that colonize the mouth, colon, and vagina. Mucosal disruption may lead to infection at virtually any site in the body. In vivo growth of actinomycetes usually results in the formation of characteristic clumps called grains or sulfur granules. The clinical presentations of actinomycosis are myriad. Common in the preantibiotic era, actinomycosis has diminished in incidence, as has its timely recognition. Actinomycosis has been called the most misdiagnosed disease, and it has been said that no disease is so often missed by experienced clinicians. Thus this entity remains a diagnostic challenge.Actinomycosis is most commonly caused by A. israelii. A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus, A. viscosus, A. meyeri, and A. gerencseriae are established but less common causes. Most if not all actinomycotic infections are polymicrobial. Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Enterobacteriaceae, and species of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Capnocytophaga, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus are commonly isolated with actinomycetes in various combinations,..."
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