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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
Chapter 75. Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment
Sections: Malnutrition and Nutritional Assessment: Introduction, Protein-Energy Malnutrition, Micronutrient Malnutrition, Global Considerations, Nutritional Assessment, Estimating Energy and Protein Requirements, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: malnutrition; malnutrition, prevalence and significance; nutrition status and nutrition requirements assessment; nutritional status assessment.
Excerpt:"Malnutrition can arise from primary or secondary causes, with the former resulting from inadequate or poor-quality food intake and the latter from diseases that alter food intake or nutrient requirements, metabolism, or absorption. Primary malnutrition occurs mainly in developing countries and under conditions of political unrest, war, or famine. Secondary malnutrition, the main form encountered in industrialized countries, was largely unrecognized until the early 1970s, when it was appreciated that persons with adequate food supplies can become malnourished as a result of acute or chronic diseases that alter nutrient intake or metabolism, particularly diseases that cause acute or chronic inflammation. Various studies have shown that protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) affects one-third to one-half of patients on general medical and surgical wards in teaching hospitals. The consistent finding that nutritional status influences patient prognosis underscores the importance of preventing, detecting, and treating malnutrition...."
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