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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 15. Disorders of the Joints and Adjacent Tissues > Section 1. The Immune System in Health and Disease > |
Chapter 316. Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases
Sections: Primary Immune Deficiency Diseases: Introduction, Diagnosis of Primary Immunodeficiencies, Primary Immunodeficiencies of the Innate Immune System, Primary Immunodeficiencies of the Adaptive Immune System, Primary Immunodeficiencies Affecting Regulatory Pathways, Conclusion, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: immune deficiency states; primary immune deficiency disorder.
Excerpt:"Immunity is intrinsic to life and an important tool in the fight for survival against pathogenic microorganisms. The human immune system can be divided into two major components: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system (Chap. 314). The innate immune system provides the rapid triggering of inflammatory responses based on the recognition (at the cell surface or within cells) of either molecules expressed by microorganisms or molecules that serve as "danger signals" released by cells under attack. These receptor/ligand interactions trigger signaling events that ultimately lead to inflammation. Virtually all cell lineages (not just immune cells) are involved in innate immune responses; however, myeloid cells (i.e., neutrophils and macrophages) play a major role because of their phagocytic capacity. The adaptive immune system operates by clonal recognition of antigens followed by a dramatic expansion of antigen-reactive cells and execution of an immune effector program. Most of the effector cells die off rapidly, whereas memory cells persist. Although both T and B lymphocytes recognize distinct chemical moieties and execute distinct adaptive immune responses, the latter is largely dependent on the former in generating long-lived humoral immunity. Adaptive responses utilize..."
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