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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 8. Infectious Diseases > Section 16. Fungal Infections > |
Chapter 198. Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections
Sections: Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Infections: Introduction, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: fungal infections, invasive; fungal infections, superficial; mycoses; systemic mycosis.
Excerpt:"Traditionally, fungal infections have been classified into specific categories based on both anatomic location and epidemiology. The most common general anatomic categories are mucocutaneous and deep organ infection; the most common general epidemiologic categories are endemic and opportunistic. Although mucocutaneous infections can cause serious morbidity, they are rarely fatal. Deep organ infections also cause severe illness in many cases and, in contrast to mucocutaneous infections, are often fatal. The endemic mycoses (e.g., coccidioidomycosis) are infections caused by fungal organisms that are not part of the normal human microbial flora and are acquired from environmental sources. In contrast, opportunistic mycoses are caused by organisms (e.g., Candida and Aspergillus) that commonly are components of the normal human flora and whose ubiquity in nature renders them easily acquired by the immunocompromised host. Opportunistic fungi cause serious infections when the immunologic response of the host becomes ineffective, allowing the organisms to transition from harmless commensals to invasive pathogens. Frequently, the diminished effectiveness of the immune system is a result of advanced modern therapies that coincidentally either unbalance..."
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