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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 17. Neurologic Disorders > Section 5. Psychiatric Disorders > |
Chapter 390. Biology of Psychiatric Disorders
Sections: Biology of Psychiatric Disorders: Introduction, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Schizophrenia, Mood Disorders, Substance Use Disorders, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: biological psychiatry; psychiatric disorders; psychiatric illness evaluation.
Excerpt:"Psychiatric disorders are central nervous system diseases characterized by disturbances in emotion, cognition, motivation, and socialization. As a result of their high prevalence, early onset, and persistence, they contribute substantially to the burden of illness worldwide. Most psychiatric disorders are heterogeneous syndromes that currently lack well-defined neuropathology and bona fide biological markers. Therefore, diagnoses continue to be made solely from clinical observations using criteria in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association (2000), 4th edition, text revision (DSM-IVTR). Recent advances in neuroimaging are beginning to provide evidence of brain pathology, which may one day be used for diagnosis and for following treatment. Family, twin, and adoption studies have shown that all common psychiatric syndromes are highly heritable, with genetic risk comprising 20–90% of disease vulnerability. The epidemiology, genetics, and biology of four common psychiatric disorders—autism, schizophrenia, mood disorders, and drug addiction—are presented below. A detailed discussion of the clinical manifestations and treatment of schizophrenia and mood disorders can be found in Chap. 391. Further..."
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