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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 7. Oncology and Hematology > Section 1. Neoplastic Disorders > |
Chapter 100. Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic
Sections: Paraneoplastic Syndromes: Endocrinologic/Hematologic: Introduction, Endocrine Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Hematologic Syndromes, Acknowledgment, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: paraneoplastic syndromes; pathophysiology of blood disorders; pathophysiology of neoplasia.
Excerpt:"In addition to local tissue invasion and metastasis, neoplastic cells can produce a variety of products that can stimulate hormonal, hematologic, dermatologic, and neurologic responses. Paraneoplastic syndromes is the term used to refer to the disorders that accompany benign or malignant tumors but are not directly related to mass effects or invasion. Tumors of neuroendocrine origin, such as small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and carcinoids, produce a wide array of peptide hormones and are common causes of paraneoplastic syndromes. However, almost every type of tumor has the potential to produce hormones or cytokines or to induce immunologic responses. Careful studies of the prevalence of paraneoplastic syndromes indicate that they are more common than is generally appreciated. The signs, symptoms, and metabolic alterations associated with paraneoplastic disorders may be overlooked in the context of a malignancy and its treatment. Consequently, atypical clinical manifestations in a patient with cancer should prompt consideration of a paraneoplastic syndrome. The most common endocrinologic and hematologic syndromes associated with underlying neoplasia will be discussed here...."
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