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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 8. Infectious Diseases > Section 8. Mycobacterial Diseases > |
Chapter 167. Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections
Sections: Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: Introduction, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: mycobacterium infections; mycobacterium infections, atypical.
Excerpt:"Several terms—nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), atypical mycobacteria, mycobacteria other than tuberculosis, and environmental mycobacteria—all refer to mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis, its close relatives (M. bovis, M. caprae, M. africanum, M. pinnipedii, M. canetti), and M. leprae. The number of identified species of NTM is growing and will continue to do so because of the use of DNA sequence typing for speciation. The number of known species currently exceeds 150. NTM are highly adaptable and can inhabit hostile environments, including industrial solvents.NTM are ubiquitous in soil and water. Specific organisms have recurring niches, such as M. simiae in certain aquifers, M. fortuitum in pedicure baths, and M. immunogenum in metalworking fluids. Most NTM cause disease in humans only rarely unless some aspect of host defense is impaired, as in bronchiectasis, or breached, as by inoculation (e.g., liposuction, trauma). There are no known instances of human-to-human transmission of NTM. Because infections due to NTM are rarely reported to health agencies and because their identification is sometimes problematic, reliable data on incidence and prevalence are lacking. Disseminated disease denotes..."
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