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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 8. Infectious Diseases > Section 14 Infections Due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Other Human Retroviruses > |
Chapter 189. Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders
Sections: Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and Related Disorders: Introduction, Etiologic Agent, Transmission, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Pathogenesis, Immune Response to HIV, Diagnosis and Laboratory Monitoring of HIV Infection, Clinical Manifestations, Idiopathic CD4+ T Lymphocytopenia, HIV and the Health Care Worker, A Preventive Vaccine Against HIV Infection, Prevention, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; hiv; hiv infection.
Excerpt:"AIDS was first recognized in the United States in the summer of 1981, when the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported the unexplained occurrence of Pneumocystis jiroveci (formerly P. carinii) pneumonia in five previously healthy homosexual men in Los Angeles and of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) with or without P. jiroveci pneumonia in 26 previously healthy homosexual men in New York and Los Angeles. The disease was soon recognized in male and female injection drug users; in hemophiliacs and blood transfusion recipients; among female sexual partners of men with AIDS; and among infants born to mothers with AIDS or with a history of injection drug use. In 1983, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was isolated from a patient with lymphadenopathy, and by 1984 it was demonstrated clearly to be the causative agent of AIDS. In 1985, a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed; this led to an appreciation of the scope and evolution of the HIV epidemic at first in the United States and other developed nations and ultimately among developing nations throughout the world (see "HIV infection and AIDS Worldwide" below). The staggering worldwide evolution of the HIV pandemic has been matched by an explosion of information in the areas..."
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