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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 17. Neurologic Disorders > Section 2. Diseases of the Central Nervous System > |
Chapter 371. Dementia
Sections: Dementia: Introduction, Functional Anatomy of the Dementias, Alzheimer's Disease, Genetic Considerations, Vascular Dementia, Frontotemporal Dementia, Progressive Supranuclearpalsy, and Corticobasal Degeneration, Parkinson's Disease Dementia and Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Other Causes of Dementia, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: dementia.
Excerpt:"Dementia, a syndrome with many causes, affects >4 million Americans and results in a total health care cost of >$100 billion annually. It is defined as an acquired deterioration in cognitive abilities that impairs the successful performance of activities of daily living. Memory is the most common cognitive ability lost with dementia; 10% of persons >70 and 20–40% of individuals >85 have clinically identifiable memory loss. In addition to memory, other mental faculties may be affected; these include language, visuospatial ability, calculation, judgment, and problem solving. Neuropsychiatric and social deficits also arise in many dementia syndromes, resulting in depression, apathy, hallucinations, delusions, agitation, insomnia, and disinhibition. The most common forms of dementia are progressive, but some are static and unchanging or fluctuate from day to day or even minute to minute. Most patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most prevalent form of dementia, begin with memory impairment, although in other dementias, such as frontotemporal dementia, memory loss is not a presenting feature. Focal cerebral disorders are discussed in Chap. 26 and illustrated in a video library in Chap. e10; memory loss is discussed in Chap. e9...."
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