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Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e
| Part 17. Neurologic Disorders > Section 2. Diseases of the Central Nervous System > |
Chapter 372. Parkinson's Disease and Other Movement Disorders
Sections: Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders, Hyperkinetic Movement Disorders, Tremor, Dystonia, Choreas, Huntington's Disease–Like 1 (HDL1), Huntington's Disease–Like 2 (HDL2), Tics, Myoclonus, Drug-Induced Movement Disorders, Restless Legs Syndrome, Disorders that Present with Parkinsonism and Hyperkinetic Movements, Psychogenic Disorders, Further Readings.
Topics Discussed: movement disorders; parkinson's disease; parkinsonian disorders.
Excerpt:"Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second commonest neurodegenerative disease, exceeded only by Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is estimated that approximately 1 million persons in the United States and 5 million persons in the world suffer from this disorder. PD affects men and women of all races, all occupations, and all countries. The mean age of onset is about 60 years, but cases can be seen in patients in their 20s, and even younger. The frequency of PD increases with aging, and based on projected population demographics, it is estimated that the prevalence will dramatically increase in future decades.Parkinsonism is a general term that is used to define a symptom complex manifest by bradykinesia with rigidity and/or tremor. It has a wide differential diagnosis (Table 372-2) and can reflect damage to different components of the basal ganglia. The basal ganglia comprise a group of subcortical nuclei that include the striatum (putamen and caudate nucleus), subthalamic nucleus (STN), globus pallidus pars externa (GPe), globus pallidus pars interna (GPi), and the SNc (Fig. 372-2). The basal ganglia play an important role in regulating normal motor behavior. It is now appreciated that basal ganglia also play a role in modulating emotional and cognitive functions...."
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